Journal Articles and Academic Papers
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 12 (2016): 1970-1980.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025 - Cassidy, E. S., West, P. C., Gerber, J. S., and Foley, J. A. “Redefining Agricultural Yields: From Tonnes to People Nourished per Hectare.” Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 3 (2013).
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034015 - Craddock, J. C., Probst, Y. C., and Peoples, G. E. “Performance of Vegetarian and Vegan Athletes.” Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 4 (2016): 355-362.
- Craig, W. J. “Health Effects of Vegan Diets.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 89, no. 5 (2009): 1627S-1633S.
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/89/5/1627S/4596952 - Cushman, F. “Moral Judgment and Decision Making.” Annual Review of Psychology 64 (2013): 273-301.
- Frey, C. B., and Osborne, M. A. “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 114 (2017): 254-280.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162516302244 - Han, L. “Life Cycle Assessment of Cultured Meat: Environmental Impacts from Production to Consumption.” 2025.
- Low, P., et al. “The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness.” 2012.
http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf - Mallatt, J., Feinberg, T. E., and Damasio, A. “Consciousness Is Not a Gradual Phenomenon.” Animal Sentience 5, no. 32 (2020).
https://animalstudiesrepository.org/animsent/vol5/iss32/1/ - Marino, L., and Colvin, C. “Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus domesticus.” International Journal of Comparative Psychology 28 (2015).
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sx4s79c - Poore, J., and Nemecek, T. “Reducing Food’s Environmental Impacts Through Producers and Consumers.” Science 360, no. 6392 (2018): 987-992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216 - Taiz, L., et al. “Plants Neither Possess nor Require Consciousness.” Trends in Plant Science 24, no. 8 (2019): 677-687.
https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/fulltext/S1360-1385(19)30135-1
Reports and Institutional Publications
- Animals and Society Institute. Animal Dissection in Schools: Life Lessons, Alternatives and Humane Education.
https://www.animalsandsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2020/11/ePP10-Animal-Dissection-in-Schools-FINAL-CC4.0.pdf - Compassion in World Farming. The Reality of “Humane” Meat.
https://www.ciwf.org.uk/media/5235180/the-reality-of-humane-meat.pdf - Ellen MacArthur Foundation. A New Textiles Economy.
https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/a-new-textiles-economy - European Commission Joint Research Centre. Environmental Footprint Category Rules: Apparel and Footwear.
https://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/LCDN/developerEF.xhtml - European Court of Auditors. Common Agricultural Policy and climate.
https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/cap-and-climate-16-2021/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options.
https://www.fao.org/3/a0701e/a0701e00.htm - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Slaughterhouse Practices and Animal Welfare.
https://www.fao.org/3/i8730en/I8730EN.pdf - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities.
https://www.fao.org/3/i3437e/i3437e.pdf - Greenpeace. Dirty Laundry 2: Hung Out to Dry.
https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/6886/dirty-laundry-2/ - Human Rights Watch. “When We’re Dead and Buried, Our Bones Will Keep Hurting”: Workers’ Rights Under Threat in US Meat and Poultry Plants.
https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/09/04/when-were-dead-and-buried-our-bones-will-keep-hurting - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. AR6 Mitigation Report.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change and Land.
https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/ - Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
https://ipbes.net/global-assessment - IPES-Food. From Uniformity to Diversity.
https://www.ipes-food.org/pages/from-uniformity-to-diversity - Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. Iron and Health Report.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-iron-and-health-report - Textile Exchange. Preferred Fiber and Materials Market Report.
https://textileexchange.org/preferred-fiber-materials-market-report/ - United Nations Environment Programme. Sustainability and Circularity in the Textile Value Chain.
https://www.unep.org/resources/report/sustainability-and-circularity-textile-value-chain - United States Government Accountability Office. Animal Welfare: USDA Oversight of Slaughterhouses.
https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-471
Reference and Data Sources
- American Psychological Association. Understanding prejudice and discrimination.
https://www.apa.org/topics/racism-bias-discrimination - Association of American Feed Control Officials. Pet food nutrient profiles.
https://www.aafco.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Model_Bills_and_Regulations_Agenda_Midyear_2015_Final_Attachment_A.__Proposed_revisions_to_AAFCO_Nutrient_Profiles_PFC_Final_070214.pdf - Bat Conservation International. Bats and agave.
https://www.batcon.org/about-bats/bats-and-agave/ - British Academy. Moral change and social progress.
https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/moral-progress/ - British Dietetic Association. British Dietetic Association confirms well-planned vegan diets can support healthy living.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/vegetarian-vegan-plant-based-diet.html - British Dietetic Association. Plant-based diet factsheet.
https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/plant-based-diet.html - Collective Fashion Justice. Environmental impacts of materials.
https://www.collectivefashionjustice.org/environmental-impact - European Commission. The Common Agricultural Policy explained.
https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/common-agricultural-policy_en - European Food Safety Authority. Animal welfare.
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/animal-welfare - European Food Safety Authority. Welfare of animals at slaughter.
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/6275 - European Medicines Agency. Non-clinical safety studies.
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/human-regulatory/research-development/non-clinical-safety-studies - Faunalytics. Big Ag, big bucks: How USDA subsidies feed market inequality and political influence.
https://faunalytics.org/usda-grant-analysis/ - Faunalytics. How many animals does a plant-based diet spare?
https://faunalytics.org/how-many-animals-does-a-vegn-spare/ - Faunalytics. How might global veganism impact society?
https://faunalytics.org/how-might-global-veganism-impact-society/ - Faunalytics. Reforming animal agriculture subsidies: A guide for advocates.
https://faunalytics.org/reforming-animal-agriculture-subsidies/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Dairy production and products.
https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food loss and food waste.
https://www.fao.org/food-loss-and-food-waste/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems.
https://www.fao.org/indigenous-peoples/our-work/food-systems/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Pollinators and agriculture.
https://www.fao.org/pollination/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Soils portal.
https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/en/ - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sustainable food systems.
https://www.fao.org/sustainability/en/ - Food Empowerment Project. The palm oil predicament.
https://foodispower.org/our-food-choices/the-palm-oil-predicament/ - Good Food Institute. State of the industry report.
https://gfi.org/resource/plant-based-meat-state-of-the-industry-report/ - Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Food, culture, and identity.
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/cultural-foods/ - Humane Slaughter Association. Humane killing of animals for food.
https://www.hsa.org.uk/humane-killing - Humane Society International. Animal-derived ingredients in industry.
https://www.hsi.org/issues/animal_testing/ - International Labour Organization. Guidelines for a just transition.
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/green-jobs/publications/WCMS_432859 - International Labour Organization. How Peruvian quinoa farmers have boosted their income.
https://www.ilo.org/resource/article/how-peruvian-quinoa-farmers-have-boosted-their-income - International Union for Conservation of Nature. Lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11697/22126116 - National Eating Disorders Association. Eating disorder information and recovery resources.
https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org - Nielsen. The sustainability imperative.
https://www.nielsen.com/global/en/insights/ - OECD. Agricultural policy monitoring and evaluation.
https://www.oecd.org/agriculture/agricultural-policy-monitoring-and-evaluation/ - OECD. Due diligence guidance for responsible supply chains.
https://www.oecd.org/investment/due-diligence-guidance.htm - OECD. Rebuilding better: Policies for a just transition.
https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/climate-action-and-just-transition.htm - Our World in Data. Environmental impacts of food production.
https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food - Our World in Data. Land use and diets.
https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-diets - Our World in Data. Meat and dairy production.
https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production - Our World in Data. Soy.
https://ourworldindata.org/soy - Oxford Martin School. Food sustainability.
https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/food-sustainability - Pew Research Center. Public attitudes toward animal welfare.
https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/06/25/public-attitudes-toward-animal-welfare/ - Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Alternatives to animal use in education.
https://www.pcrm.org/ethical-science/ethical-education-and-training - Plastic Soup Foundation. Microplastics from textiles.
https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/2021/03/microplastics-from-textiles/ - Rainforest Action Network. What is conflict palm oil?
https://www.ran.org/what_is_conflict_palm_oil/ - Raise Vegan.
https://raisevegan.com/ - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Moral relativism.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-relativism/ - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Naturalistic fallacy.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalistic-fallacy/ - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The ethics of procreation.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-procreation/ - The Vegan Society. Definition of veganism.
https://www.vegansociety.com/go-vegan/definition-veganism - The Vegan Society. Vegan nutrition for under-fives.
https://www.vegansociety.com/resources/nutrition-and-health/life-stages/under-fives - UNESCO. What is culture?
https://en.unesco.org/creativity/governance/culture - United Kingdom Food Standards Agency. Official controls in abattoirs.
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/official-controls-in-abattoirs - United Nations Environment Programme. Food systems and sustainability.
https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/food - United States Department of Agriculture. Farm bill.
https://www.usda.gov/farmbill - United States Department of Agriculture. Livestock and poultry: World markets and trade.
https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/livestock-and-poultry-world-markets-and-trade - World Health Organization. Healthy diet.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet - World Health Organization. WHO calls for healthier, more sustainable diets.
https://www.who.int/news/item/03-06-2021-who-calls-for-healthier-more-sustainable-diets - World Wildlife Fund. Making palm oil sustainable for people and wildlife.
https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/projects/making-palm-oil-sustainable - World Wildlife Fund. The impact of soy.
https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/soy
Articles and Essays
- BBC Future. Do plants feel pain?
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140609-do-plants-feel-pain - BBC News. Confessions of a slaughterhouse worker.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-50986683 - BBC News. Why dairy farmers are turning to plant-based milk.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-53043196 - Britannica. Appeal to nature fallacy.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/appeal-to-nature-fallacy - HuffPost. Meatonomics: The bizarre economics of the meat and dairy industries.
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/meatonomics-the-bizarre-e_b_3853414 - National Geographic. Early humans’ big brains fueled by meat.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/early-humans-big-brains-fueled-by-meat - National Geographic. When humans first started eating meat.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/when-humans-first-started-eating-meat - National Geographic Society. Food web.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/food-web/ - NPR. How tequila is helping and hurting bats.
https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/08/19/432774708/how-tequila-is-helping-and-hurting-bats - O’Connor, A. “How the Beauty Industry Pressured Women Into Shaving.” The Indiependent.
https://www.indiependent.co.uk/how-the-beauty-industry-pressured-women-into-shaving/ - Robinson, M. “Do Plants Feel Pain?” BBC Future.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140609-do-plants-feel-pain - Smithsonian Magazine. How eating meat made us human.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-eating-meat-made-us-human-130046796/ - The Guardian. Quinoa isn’t a threat to food security. It’s improving Peruvian farmers’ lives.
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/jul/17/quinoa-threat-food-security-improving-peruvian-farmers-lives-superfood - Yale Globalist. The quinoa controversy: The implications of the growing popularity of a Bolivian grain.
https://globalist.yale.edu/in-the-magazine/glimpses/the-quinoa-controversy-the-implications-of-the-growing-popularity-of-a-bolivian-grain/
Further Reading
Animal Ethics and Philosophy
- Adams, C. J. The Sexual Politics of Meat.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/51714.The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat - Donaldson, S., and Kymlicka, W. Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/12393040-zoopolis - Nussbaum, M. C. Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/226713.Frontiers_of_Justice - Regan, T. The Case for Animal Rights.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/667299.Case_for_Animal_Rights - Singer, P. Animal Liberation.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29380.Animal_Liberation - Singer, P. Practical Ethics.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/133745566-practical-ethics-by-peter-singer - Spiegel, M. The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1046666.The_Dreaded_Comparison - Taylor, S. Beasts of Burden: Animal and Disability Liberation.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24693870-beasts-of-burden
Advocacy, Persuasion, and Social Change
- Cialdini, R. B. Influence: Science and Practice.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/123684.Influence - Cooney, N. Change of Heart: What Psychology Can Teach Us About Spreading Social Change.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9019721-change-of-heart - Cooney, N. Strategic Action for Animals: A Handbook on Strategic Movement Building, Organizing, and Activism for Animal Liberation.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3063090-strategic-action-for-animals - Gitlin, T. The Whole World Is Watching.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36260.The_Whole_World_is_Watching - Haidt, J. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11324722-the-righteous-mind - Hawthorne, M. Striking at the Roots: A Practical Guide to Animal Activism.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1677662.Striking_at_the_Roots - Joy, M. Beyond Beliefs: A Guide to Improving Relationships and Communication for Vegans, Vegetarians, and Meat Eaters.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35832814-beyond-beliefs - Joy, M. Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows: An Introduction to Carnism.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50915414-why-we-love-dogs-eat-pigs-and-wear-cows - Leenaert, T. How to Create a Vegan World: A Pragmatic Approach.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35468340-how-to-create-a-vegan-world - Phelps-Roper, M. Unfollow: A Memoir of Loving and Leaving the Westboro Baptist Church.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43565363-unfollow - Rosenberg, M. B. Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/71730.Nonviolent_Communication - Sharp, G. From Dictatorship to Democracy.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1119326.From_Dictatorship_to_Democracy - Snow, D. A., Soule, S. A., and Kriesi, H. The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/39392871-the-wiley-blackwell-companion-to-social-movements
Nutrition, Health, and Everyday Vegan Life
- Clear, J. Atomic Habits.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40121378-atomic-habits - Davis, B. Nourish: The Definitive Plant-Based Nutrition Guide for Families.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50891919-nourish - Foer, J. S. Eating Animals.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6604712-eating-animals - Patrick-Goudreau, C. The Joyful Vegan.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44055793-the-joyful-vegan
Politics, Culture, and Moral Reasoning
- Barbe, A. Consumed: On Colonialism, Climate Change, Consumerism, and the Need for Collective Change.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57213320-consumed - Cushman, F. “Moral Judgment and Decision Making.” Annual Review of Psychology 64 (2013): 273-301.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16554276-the-psychology-of-learning-and-motivation-volume-50 - Davis, A. Y. Women, Race & Class.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/635635.Women_Race_Class - Frankl, V. E. Man’s Search for Meaning.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4069.Man_s_Search_for_Meaning - Krugman, P., and Wells, R. Macroeconomics.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20349272-macroeconomics-by-paul-krugman-robin-wells-textbook-outlines - Moore, B., and Parker, R. Critical Thinking.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/394397.Critical_Thinking - Raworth, K. Doughnut Economics.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29214420-doughnut-economics - Scanlon, T. M. What We Owe to Each Other. Harvard University Press.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/278553.What_We_Owe_to_Each_Other - Tavris, C., and Aronson, E. Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me).
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/522525.Mistakes_Were_Made_But_Not_by_Me - Walton, D. Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3944651-informal-logic
Environment, Food Systems, and Sustainability
- Cassidy, E. S., West, P. C., Gerber, J. S., and Foley, J. A. “Redefining Agricultural Yields: From Tonnes to People Nourished per Hectare.” Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 3 (2013).
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034015 - Kimmerer, R. W. Braiding Sweetgrass.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17465709-braiding-sweetgrass - Monbiot, G. Regenesis: Feeding the World Without Devouring the Planet.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/58838928-regenesis - Mokyr, J. The Lever of Riches.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/257489.The_Lever_of_Riches - Poore, J., and Nemecek, T. “Reducing Food’s Environmental Impacts Through Producers and Consumers.” Science 360, no. 6392 (2018): 987-992.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaq0216
Fashion, Consumerism, and Material Ethics
- Cline, E. L. Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/11797414-overdressed - Eagan, G. Wear No Evil: How to Change the World with Your Wardrobe.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18079899-wear-no-evil - Thomas, D. Fashionopolis: The Price of Fast Fashion and the Future of Clothes.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43671670-fashionopolis
“We can’t change the world for animals without changing our ideas about animals. We have to move from the idea that animals are things, tools, machines, commodities, resources here for our use, to the idea that as sentient beings they have their own inherent value and dignity.”
–Andrew Linzey